With the amazing number of medical advancements in the last few decades, our pets are living longer. Around 50 percent of the pets we see at my clinic are at least 6 years old, and around 15 percent are 11 years old or older!
But one drawback of pets living longer is the potentially greater prevalence of decline of brain function called Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (CDS) in dogs and cats. CDS is similar to Alzheimer’s disease. The brain may degenerate and cause abnormal behavior. Some pets may experience senility.
So, what are some of the signs of CDS? You might notice your pet wandering or becoming anxious and confused, perhaps waking up and pacing at night, not recognizing people or commands, becoming less active, and urinating or defecating in the home. Some pets experiencing CDS just seem lost in their familiar environments. In cats, this condition may not be as obvious. They may appear to want more seclusion, or they may start soiling the house suddenly and/or waking up and vocalizing in the night.
The causes of CDS are still being studied, but it is believed to be a beta-amyloid protein accumulation and possibly changes in blood flow and dysfunction of neurons. It is believed to occur in about a quarter of all dogs in late stages of life and in as many as two-thirds of very geriatric dogs.
A diagnosis of CDS relies on some tests to rule out other causes of behavioral change, such as arthritis. Information from the pet’s owner will be the most valuable in making a determination. There is no cure for CDS; however, there are many treatments that may slow the progression. These include dietary changes. Essential fatty acids and antioxidants may help promote healthy brain cells. Some pets will benefit from the use of medium-chain triglycerides to provide more energy to the brain. There is also a drug called selegiline prescribed by veterinarians that may help protect the brain from damage.
Besides drugs, cognitive enrichment is part of the treatment. This consists of exercise, social interactions, providing new toys and teaching your pet commands. The studies in humans indicate physical exercise late in life aids in the prevention of dementia. In addition to this, there are herbal products, nutraceuticals and even acupuncture that can be tried for effectiveness.
If you notice abnormal behavior in your geriatric pet, please contact your veterinarian. Treatment of any underlying cause of medical problems can improve the quality of life for our aging, four-legged family members.
Dr. Ron Resnick has been in practice for more than 32 years and previously operated two veterinary hospitals. He taught at Harvard University and graduated from Tufts University, considered the best veterinary school in the world. He operates an animal hospital in Simi Valley.
