As we enter the fall season, many pet owners notice their pets scratching themselves, licking themselves or losing hair more than usual. While fleas were once the most common cause of itchy pets, the primary culprit these days is atopy — an inherited condition that results in allergies to environmental substances like pollen, mold or grass.
Atopy occurs when allergens are absorbed through a pet’s skin. Some pets have areas where their skin doesn’t form a proper barrier, making them more susceptible to inflammation. Most commonly, atopy affects young adult pets under three years of age. Many times, the first signs of this condition are licking of the feet, shaking of the head and scratching at the ears. These actions often lead to hair loss, redness and sometimes abrasions from scratching. If left untreated, the inflammation can develop into bacterial or yeast infections, with the skin eventually becoming thickened and darkened as the body tries to protect itself.
Diagnosing atopy typically involves evaluating a pet’s clinical signs and history. Often, the allergy is seasonal, triggered by plant pollens, but some pets have year-round allergies. Food allergies are also a possibility, which may require further testing. For example, one pet owner’s dog had persistent allergies that were initially suspected to be food-related, but an allergy test revealed dust mites as the actual cause.
In addition to testing for inhalant allergies, veterinarians may check for microscopic mites or perform a skin sample analysis to identify infections. In some cases, a dietary trial may be recommended to rule out food ingredient allergies.
It’s important to understand that atopy is a chronic condition that can be managed but not cured. The goal of treatment is to improve the pet’s quality of life by reducing itching and preventing secondary infections. Fortunately, there are now many effective treatments available. While steroids were once the primary treatment, new options such as CADI-immunomodulation (Cytopoint), immunotherapy, Apoquel and cyclosporine offer a broader range of solutions. These medications may be used individually or in combination, depending on the pet’s specific needs and cost considerations. Omega-3 essential fatty acids and medicated topical treatments can also support the overall treatment plan, along with continued flea control.
Also, stay on top of flea control: even though atopy is often the primary issue, fleas can still exacerbate skin problems.
If your pet is experiencing itching or other signs of discomfort, it’s essential to consult with your veterinarian. He or she can help you develop a treatment plan tailored to your pet’s condition, ensuring it remains comfortable and healthy. With the right approach, your pet can enjoy a better quality of life, even in the face of chronic allergies.
Dr. Ron Resnick has been in practice for more than 32 years and previously operated two veterinary hospitals. He taught at Harvard University and graduated from Tufts University, considered the best veterinary school in the world. He operates an animal hospital in Simi Valley.